Nano Kimya

Nanochemistry The examination of chemistry at the nano scale is called nanochemistry. One nanometre is one billionth of a metre. To better understand this very small unit, a human hair can be shown to be approximately one hundred thousand nanometres thick. For a material to be considered a nanomaterial, at least one of its dimensions must be 1-100 nm.

Nanoscience and Nanotechnology

Although used in scientific and industrial circles for much longer, the concepts of nanoscience and nanotechnology have become known to much larger segments of society especially in the last twenty years. Of course, the production of more and varied products using these technologies has been effective in this respect. For example, a commonly known example is sunscreen. These products obtain their protection capabilities from UV rays through nanoparticles. The broad surfaces of nanoparticles are effective in enabling sunscreens to effectively absorb harmful UV rays.

The Emergence of Nanochemistry

Long before the term nanotechnology began to be used, the ideas and concepts behind nanoscience and nanotechnology began with a lecture titled "There's Plenty of Room at the Bottom" delivered by Nobel Prize-winning American theoretical physicist Richard Feynman on 29 December 1959 at California Institute of Technology (CalTech) at an American Physical Society meeting. In his lecture, Feynman described a process in which scientists would be able to manipulate and control individual atoms and molecules. More than a decade later, in his discoveries regarding ultra-precision machining, Professor Norio Taniguchi introduced the term nanotechnology. The beginning of modern nanotechnology is considered to be 1981, when the scanning tunnelling microscope, which could "see" individual atoms, was developed. Richard Phillips Feynman's idea of "plenty of room at the bottom" drew attention to the importance of nanochemistry and led to an increase in research in this field. Nanotechnology and chemistry are about doing more with less material. For this reason, nanochemistry is of vital importance for the sustainable development of our economy and society.

Nanochemistry Applications

After years of research and R&D efforts, nanotechnology applications are fulfilling nanotechnology's promise of benefit to society in both expected and unexpected ways. Nanotechnology, among others, is helping to significantly advance and even revolutionise many technology and industrial sectors such as information technology, public safety, medicine, transportation, energy, food safety and environmental science. We will try to provide some examples of the rapidly growing benefits and applications of nanotechnology.

Everyday Materials and Processes

Many benefits of nanotechnology depend on the possibility of adapting the structures of materials at extremely small scales to obtain specific properties, thereby greatly expanding the toolkit of materials science. Using nanotechnology, materials can be effectively made stronger, lighter, more durable, more reactive, more sieve-like or better electrical conductors, among many other properties. Many everyday commercial products are currently on the market and in everyday use based on nano-scale materials and processes. Nano-scale additives or surface treatments applied to fabrics can provide light ballistic energy deflection in personal body armour or help them resist wrinkling, staining and bacterial growth. Transparent nano-scale films on eyeglasses, computer and camera screens, windows and other surfaces can make them water and residue repellent, anti-reflective, self-cleaning, resistant to ultraviolet or infrared light, fog-resistant, antimicrobial, scratch-resistant or electrically conductive. Nano-scale materials are beginning to provide washable, durable "smart fabrics" equipped with flexible nano-scale sensors and electronics with health monitoring, solar energy harvesting and energy harvesting through motion capabilities. Nanochemistry applications can significantly reduce the weight of aircraft, boats and spacecraft, providing substantial fuel savings. Nano-scale additives in polymer composite materials are used in baseball bats, tennis rackets, bicycles, motorcycle helmets, automobile parts, luggage and power tool housings, making them light, hard, durable and flexible. Carbon nanotube sheets are now being produced for use in next-generation aircraft. For example, the combination of lightness and conductivity makes them ideal for applications such as electromagnetic shielding and thermal management. Nano-bioengineering of enzymes aims to enable the conversion of cellulose from wood chips, corn stalks, unfertilised perennial grasses, etc. into ethanol for fuel. Cellulosic nanomaterials have shown potential applications in a wide range of industrial sectors including electronics, construction, packaging, food, energy, health, automotive and defence. Cellulosic nanomaterials are estimated to be less expensive than many other nanomaterials and to have an impressive strength-to-weight ratio, among other properties. Among nano-engineered materials in automotive products are high-power rechargeable battery systems; thermoelectric materials for temperature control; tyres with lower rolling resistance; high-efficiency/low-cost sensors and electronics; thin-film smart solar panels and fuel additives for cleaner exhaust and extended range. Compilation and Translation: B. Serhat Cengiz

Sources

• https://www.grace.edu/what-is-nanochemistry-a-faculty-blog-by-andrew-zhou/ • https://www.nano.gov/about-nanotechnology/applications-nanotechnology • https://www.acs.org/content/acs/en/careers/chemical-sciences/fields/nanochemistry.html • https://www.encyclopedia.com/science/news-wires-white-papers-and-books/nanochemistry • https://www.azolifesciences.com/article/An-Overview-of-Nanochemistry.aspx • https://www.nano.gov/nanotech-101/what/definition#:~:text=Physicist%20Richard%20 Feynman%2C%20the%20father,%2C%20materials%20science%2C%20and%20engineering.