Superabsorbent Bioceramic Production

While antimicrobial and antibacterial agents that provide defense properties against viruses and bacteria in chemicals used in the industrial paints sector have begun to be preferred in recent years, many paints are still used as classical wall paint with moisture retention, humidity prevention, and aesthetic properties. In this study, bioceramics isolated from natural sources as superabsorbents have been obtained for potential use in the industrial paints sector. Biomaterials are a field of science that many developments, such as the industrial paints industry today, possess. Biomaterials are generally natural or synthetic materials that replace tissues and organs that do not function in living systems or can repair their damage. As illnesses and injuries increase in today's world, demand for repairs in cartilage and bone tissue has grown. In this respect, interactions between biomaterials and tissues have been examined for many years. Biomaterials are classified as metal, ceramic, polymer, and composite materials. Hydroxyapatite (HA), which has high biocompatibility, can be obtained directly from natural sources such as bone and teeth, as well as from the reaction of phosphate compounds with non-natural materials such as eggshell and mussel shell. It is a bioceramics material that can be obtained [1-3]. Although HA bioceramics material is used in the healthcare sector for medical purposes due to its high biocompatibility, it is frequently preferred in filtration applications due to its absorbing properties. However, when absorbent HAs were investigated, applications were found where absorption capacity could be insufficient. The most common use of these absorbent materials is in filtration applications for masks, cosmetics, and wastewater treatment, but experimental studies continue in the industrial paints sector. Today, many industrial paint manufacturing companies provide serious investment in R&D and production work in their production. However, many of these studies fall short. When absorbents are added to paints, they provide defense properties against viruses and bacteria in the environment while preventing adhesion, and on the other hand, due to their absorption capabilities, they are designed to reduce air pollution in the environment to a minimum level. However, commercially sold superabsorbents do not currently exist. However, due to increasing needs, the world, primarily our country, is seeing daily growth in demand for such paint products. Additionally, interior and exterior facade paints are produced with poor quality, defenseless against humidity and creating conditions for bacteria and insect formation. Since the price of paints attempting to prevent humidity, pollution, insect and bacteria formation is high, it does not reach a level that all segments of society can afford [1-6]. For this purpose, in our study, HA was synthesized from mussel waste and our patented product, which would provide superabsorbing properties on HA synthesized by the hydrothermal method, was coated homogeneously to produce an industrial paint agent with superabsorbent properties.

2. Material and Method 2.1. Material

Mussel shell waste was obtained from fishermen in our surroundings. Sodium hydroxide (NaOH) Sigma/Aldrich brand was used. Our patented additive was selected to be coated on HA bioceramics.

2.2. Method

Bioceramics Synthesis and Production of Superabsorbent Material Coated with Patented Product After mussel shell waste was obtained from fishermen in our surroundings, it was rinsed in tap water and cleaned for two hours using ultrasonic bath in distilled water. The fat was removed by treatment with NaOH. The calcium carbonate (CaCO3) ratio was determined by thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA), processed with orthophosphoric acid (H3 PO4), and sintered at 850°C for 4 hours. With our patented device, we obtained our composite membrane with a polymeric matrix. The obtained membrane and HA bioceramics materials were converted into composite superabsorbent material using a hydrothermal device [2-5]. Bioceramics synthesis from mussel waste is shown in Figure 2.1. and our product produced with our patented device is shown in Figure 2.2. [caption id="attachment_129233" align="aligncenter"] Figure 2.1. Bioceramics synthesis from mussel waste[/caption] [caption id="attachment_129234" align="aligncenter"] Figure 2.2. Our product produced with our patented device[/caption]

3. Results and Discussion

With our patented device, a membrane to be coated around HA bioceramics was obtained as a result of force effect from polymer solutions in the hydrothermal device, and its image was captured under a microscope and the morphological fiber structure was observed [1-7]. Figure 3.1. shows the membrane obtained with our patented device, morphological fiber structure, and nanoparticle image obtained through the hydrothermal process. [caption id="attachment_129236" align="aligncenter"] Figure 3.1. Membrane obtained with our patented device, morphological fiber structure, and nanoparticle image obtained through the hydrothermal process[/caption]

4. Conclusions

A membrane was successfully obtained with our patented device and the morphological fiber structure was demonstrated under a microscope. Fiber diameters were found to be in the 150-300 nm range. Through the hydrothermal process, the membrane product was converted to nanoparticle form with superabsorbent properties by homogeneously coating around HA bioceramics. A next-generation commercial product has emerged that imparts superabsorbent properties to industrial paints while preventing virus, bacteria, and insect formation.

References [1] Buluş, E., Buluş, G. S., & Yakuphanoglu, F. (2020). Production of polylactic acid-activated charcoal nanofiber membranes for COVID-19 pandemic by electrospinning technique and determination of filtration efficiency. Journal of Materials and Electronic Devices, 4(1), 21-26. [2] Buluş, E., Mansıroğlu, D. S., Ismık, D., Şahin, Y. M., Oktar, F. N., Gündüz, O., & Gökçe, H. (2018, April). Bioceramic synthesis and characterization to be used in major tissue engineering applications. In 2018 Electric Electronics, Computer Science, Biomedical Engineerings' Meeting (EBBT) (pp. 1-4). IEEE. [3] Bulus, E., Ismik, D., Mansuroglu, D. S., Sahin, Y. M., & Tosun, G. (2017, April). Synthesis and characterization of hydroxyapatite powders from eggshell for functional biomedical application. In 2017 Electric Electronics, Computer Science, Biomedical Engineerings' Meeting (EBBT) (pp. 1-3). IEEE. [4] Buluş, E., Yucel, N., & Kamaci, O. (2021). Differences and Parametric Evaluation of Centrifugal Force Spinning from Electrospinning Method. JOURNAL OF MATERIALS AND ELECTRONIC DEVICES, 1(1), 16-27. [5] Buluş, E., & Buluş, G. S. (2021). Intelligent Nano-Protective Production In Industrial Paints. JOURNAL OF MATERIALS AND ELECTRONIC DEVICES, 1(1), 28-31. [6] Buluş, E., Buluş, G. S., Akkaş, M., Cetin, T., Yaman, E., & Altındal, T. (2020). Production and Characterization of Natural Sourced Hydroxyapatite Added Polystyrene Tissue Scaffolds by Electrospinning. JOURNAL OF MATERIALS AND ELECTRONIC DEVICES, 6(1), 12-18. [7] KAMACİ, Ö., YÜCEL, N., KÖTEN, H., BULUS, E., & BULUS, G. A Review polylactic acid and gelatin biomaterial GBR (Guided Bone Regeneration) and multilayer GBR membranes. Politeknik Dergisi, 1-1.

    Erdi Buluş Metallurgy and Materials Engineer Senior Materials Technology Specialist Istanbul Arel University ArelPOTKAM (Polymer Technologies and Composite Application and Research Center) Gülseren Sakarya Buluş Specialist Nurse Silivri District Health Directorate Bahçeşehir University Institute of Graduate Education Engineering Management Thesis Master's Program