2020 Nobel Prizes announced. Here are all category winners
The 2020 Nobel Prize in Chemistry was awarded to two female scientists who developed DNA editing tools.
Emmanuelle Charpentier and Jennifer Doudna became the first women to share the Nobel Prize in Chemistry for their work on gene-editing technology.
Known as "genetic scissors," Crispr-Cas9 allows for precise and specific modifications to DNA in living cells.
The two will also share the monetary prize of USD 1,110,000.
The tool developed by Charpentier and Doudna can be used both in fundamental scientific research and in the treatment of hereditary diseases.
The Nobel Prize in Physics was awarded to scientists investigating black holes in space: Sir Roger Penrose, Reinhard Genzel and Andrea Ghez.
The Nobel Committee emphasized that the three scientists' work has improved understanding of the black hole phenomenon in space.
David Haviland, a member of the Committee, said that this year's prizes highlight "one of the most fascinating topics in the Universe."
The three scientists will also share the monetary prize of SEK 10,000,000 (USD 1,123,039).
Black holes are regions in space with extremely powerful inward gravity. This gravity is so strong that it does not even allow light to pass through.
The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine was awarded to three American scientists, Harvey J. Alter and Charles M. Rice, and British virologist Michael Houghton for their contribution to the discovery of Hepatitis C virus.
The prize was announced in Stockholm, the capital of Sweden, by Nobel Committee Chair Thomas Perlmann.
The laureates will receive a gold medal and share the monetary prize of SEK 10,000,000 (approximately USD 1,118,000).
The Nobel Committee deemed the World Food Programme worthy of the 2020 Nobel Peace Prize.
The organization, which works under the United Nations, received the Nobel Peace Prize for its "efforts to combat hunger, contribution to improving current conditions, role in promoting peace in conflict zones, and actions to prevent hunger being used as a weapon in war and conflict."
The 2020 Nobel Prize in Literature went to poet Louise Glück.
In an announcement from the Swedish Academy, it was stated that Glück was deemed worthy of the prize for her "unmistakable poetic voice that achieves individual existence with austere beauty to attain universality."
The statement noted that Glück's works, shaped by her "pursuit of clarity," address childhood, family life, and relationships with parents and siblings, which form the center of her works.
Glück, whose first book "Firstborn" was published in 1968, is considered one of the most important poets in American literature.
The 2020 Nobel Prize in Physics was awarded to three scientists whose highly significant work contributed to the discovery of black holes.
In a statement by the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences, it was noted that half of the prize was awarded to Roger Penrose for his discovery concerning the formation of black holes being a prediction of Einstein's general theory of relativity, and the other half was awarded to Reinhard Genzel and Andrea Ghez for their work on the discovery of a supermassive black hole at the center of the Milky Way galaxy.
Penrose proved Einstein's general theory of relativity by demonstrating that black holes must be a physical reality.
In their work, Genzel and Ghez discovered that this mass, which creates a gravitational field 4 million times stronger than the Sun in an area smaller than the Solar System, is a supermassive black hole.
The 2020 Nobel Prize in Economic Sciences was awarded to Paul R. Milgrom and Robert B. Wilson.
Paul R. Milgrom and Robert B. Wilson were deemed worthy of the Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel by the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences for "improvements they made in auction theory and for devising new auction formats."
Sources
https://www.ntv.com.tr/sanat/son-dakika-2020-nobel-edebiyat-odulu-sahibini-buldu,3haXKuWeQESgGkwiUM-hWg
https://www.evrensel.net/amp/415947/2020-nobel-odulleri-sahiplerini-buldu
https://www.trthaber.com/haber/dunya/2020-nobel-ekonomi-odulu-sahiplerini-buldu-522672.html
https://www.bbc.com/turkce/haberler-dunya-54447208
