Article Series: 3
New Generation Composite Nanofiber Skin Mask Production and Characterization
3. Result and Discussion
*SEM Analysis
Nanofiber formation was observed in all composites. In addition to the polymer, natural skin moisturizers and electro spinning operating parameters affect the morphology of composite nanofiber membranes.
By calculating the diameters of 40 nanofibers, arithmetic averages were taken and the nanofiber diameter distribution range of the samples was calculated. It was observed that the nanofibers of 10% PVA sample were irregularly oriented and thick.
When DO, AV, SP additives were added to PVA, the fiber diameters of the skin mask nanofiber membranes became thinner. The thinnest nanofiber average in the study was observed in 10% PVA-2.5% DO-2.5% AV-5% SP composite sample with a value of 50-180 nm [12-18].
Diameter distribution range values of composite nanofiber membranes are shown in Table 3.1. SEM images of skin mask composite nanofiber membranes are shown in Figure 3.1.
[caption id="attachment_141501" align="aligncenter" width="260"]
Figure 3.1. (a) 10% PVA, (b) 10% PVA-2.5% DO, (c)
10% PVA-2.5% AV, (ç) 10% PVA-5% SP, (d) 10% PVA2.5% DO SEM images of -2.5% AV-5% SP skin mask
composite nanofiber membranes[/caption]
[caption id="attachment_141505" align="aligncenter" width="693"]
Table 3.1. Diameter distribution range values of nanofiber membranes[/caption]
*Cell Culture Analysis
Skin mask composite nanofiber membranes were placed on 96 plates. Mesenchymal stem cells were seeded into the samples in the plates and cell viability values were examined for 24, 48 and 72 hours. Cell viability values of 10% PVA sample were lower than other
samples.
However, cell viability values increased as a result of DO, AV, SP contribution. Due to their synergistic effects, cell viability values reached 97% at the end of 72 hours with the combination of natural skin moisturizers [16-23]. Cell live/dead values of skin mask
composite nanofiber membranes during 24, 48 and 72 hours are shown in Table 3.2.
[caption id="attachment_141507" align="aligncenter" width="690"]
Table 3.2. Cell live/dead values of nanofiber membranes for 24, 48 and 72 hours[/caption]
*Tensile Test
The tensile strength values of the composite specimens were prepared in ASTM standard and carried out in a tensile test device at a tensile speed of 5 mm2/ min at room conditions. The 1x5 cm sized samples were repeated three times and the arithmetic average strength values were taken as basis.
Although the PVA sample has the lowest strength in the study, it has a durable structure in the light of the values in many studies when the literature studies are examined. In our study, the strength values increase as DO, AV, SP and their synergistic effect composites are added to PVA.
Additives surround the polymer homogeneously and increase the strength value of the polymer. In this way, the strength has increased compared to PVA [20- 29].
*Dermacological Test Results
The dermatological test (Patch Test) of our composite skin mask was performed on five male and five female volunteers to detect allergic or irritating harmful findings on the skin. It was concluded that there was no evidence of irritation, no dryness and no edema. The
results were calculated by the expert dermatologist with the data of the tested cosmetic product. Table 3.3. includes the dermatological test result of the composite skin mask.
[caption id="attachment_141508" align="aligncenter" width="686"]
Table 3.3. Composite skin mask dermatological test result[/caption]
Ophthalmological test (in-vivo, in-vitro), In-vitro skin irritation test, Hydration test, Skin elasticity test, Transepidermal water loss test (TEWL), Anti-wrinkle product test, Anti-aging product test, Smoothing product test, Whitening Product effect test, Anti-acne test, Mattifying product test, Sebum test, Collagen production stimulating product test, Comedogen test, Cell renewal product test,
Anti-eye bag product test, Make-up removal product effect test, Brightening effect test, Sensitization test, Mutagenesis (Ames) test, Healing effect test and Hypo-allergen test will be performed by examining all aspects of the skin, and by producing functional composite skin masks, the diversity of our composite products that will break new ground in the cosmetics industry will increase [22-25].
*Toxicology Test Results
The local effect and systemic effects have been examined and it has been reported that the local effect of the toxic substance, which occurs at the first contact in the biological system, is at the level of ppm, while the systemic effect, which requires the absorption and
distribution of the toxic substance, and the toxic effect seen after reaching the place of action is reported to be at the level of ppm.
According to the test results, it was determined that our composite nanofiber skin mask did not sensitize and irritate the skin tissue [4-16]. Table 3.4. shows the local and systemic effect results of the composite skin mask.
[caption id="attachment_141510" align="aligncenter" width="688"]
Table 3.4. Local and systemic effect results of composite skin mask[/caption]
4. Conclusion
Successful nanofiber formation was observed in all composite samples. Compared to PVA, nanofiber diameters were thinned with the addition of natural skin moisturizers. In addition, electrospinning operating parameters can change the morphology of the membranes.
Electrospinning technology has resulted in the creation of a paper-like thin hydrogel face mask, a product that can provide anti-aging, whitening and anti-wrinkle benefits for the user. The thinnest nanofibers in the study were in the range of 50-180 nm and were
observed in 10% PVA-2.5% DO-2.5% AV-5% SP composite sample.
When the tensile test values of the samples were examined, the sample with all the materials together was the most durable nanocomposite in the study with a tensile strength of 45.67 MPa. Within the scope of cell culture studies, cell cultivation was provided to all samples, and cell viability was examined at intervals of 24, 48 and 72 hours.
According to cell viability, 10% PVA-2.5% DO-2.5% AV-5% SP nanocomposite has the highest value with 97% viability at the end of 72 hours. As a result of these successful results, it is foreseen that the polymeric matrix nanocomposites produced as an ideal skin mask will be used in cosmetic applications.
In addition, considering the features in the literature of the substances in the content of our product, it is also used in sectors such as health, textile, food, agriculture, filtration and defense.
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Öğr. Gör. / Instructor Erdi Buluş
Metallurgical and Materials High Engineer
Senior Material Technologies Specialist
Istanbul Arel University ArelPOTKAM (Polymer Technologies and Composite Application and Research Center)
Gülseren Sakarya Buluş
Specialist Nurse
Istanbul Provincial Health Directorate / Health Services Presidency
Bahçeşehir University / Engineering Management Thesis Master’s Program
Doç. Dr. Yeşim Müge Şahin
Center Manager
Istanbul Arel University ArelPOTKAM (Polymer Technologies and Composite Application and Research Center
