Need for a Safe Multifunctional Paraben Free Preservative Solution
The use of preservatives in cosmetic formulations has been a topic of concern in recent years due to the potential health risks associated with their use. While there are various preservatives that are approved for use in cosmetics, many of them have been found to have toxic effects on consumers.
A
cosmetic functional ingredient is added to the cosmetic formulation for a well-defined function, but it can also contribute to another effect (such as antimicrobial activity), thus acting as a multifunctional ingredient.
Lactic acid is one such multifunctional ingredient which can be used as an antimicrobial preservative in cosmetic formulations in the form of a standalone preservative or as a blend along with other ingredients to give broad spectrum preservation. Lactic acid is an alpha hydroxy acid (AHA) that is naturally found in dairy products.
It has been used for centuries by people all over the world to soften and beautify the skin, including sensitive skin. It can also increase the NMF (Natural moisturizing factor) that is found in the skin. In addition to its skin benefits, lactic acid also exhibits antimicrobial properties that make it a powerful bio preservative in naturally fermented products.
Studies have shown that lactic acid is effective in reducing or preventing the growth of microorganisms, including both gram positive and gram-negative bacteria. It causes prominent permeabilization in these bacteria, which is stronger than that of other commonly used antimicrobial agents such as EDTA or HCl.
The effect of lactic acid on the outer membrane permeability of gram positive and gram-negative bacteria is well documented in literature. Lactic acid is a powerful exfoliant that can remove dead skin cells, lighten dark spots, and improve the appearance of fine lines and wrinkles on all skin types.
Its skin cell renewal performance is higher than that of citric acid and malic acid, and it is comparable to that of glycolic acid. However, the L (+) form of lactic acid is less irritating compared to glycolic acid. Using multifunctional ingredients like lactic acid and lactates
in personal care products is beneficial because they exhibit anti-bacterial and bacteriostatic properties, respectively, while being used at typical levels in cosmetics.
This is particularly useful in formulations where the possibilities for antimicrobial agents are limited, and legal requirements are strict. Lactic acid blends with AHAs and PHAs are a great alternative to traditional preservatives like parabens and formaldehydebased
ingredients. In addition to their antimicrobial properties, these blends offer a range of skincare benefits that can enhance the overall quality of personal care products.
For instance, these acid blends can help to exfoliate the skin and remove dead skin cells, revealing smoother, brighter skin. They can also help to improve skin hydration and reduce the appearance of fine lines and wrinkles.
These benefits make lactic acid blends with AHAs and PHAs an attractive option for consumers seeking skincare products that provide both preservation and cosmetic benefits. Furthermore, the use of lactic acid blends with AHAs and PHAs can help formulators meet
strict legal requirements for the use of preservatives in personal care products.
As consumers increasingly demand products with clean and safe ingredients, incorporating
these acid blends into formulations can help brands stay ahead of the curve while still delivering effective preservation and skincare benefits.
Dr. Rakesh Ratnam - Director-Technical Marketing
Salicylates & Chemicals Pvt. Ltd.
Translation by: A. Selçuk Sakaoğlu
Chemical Engineer, MSc
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